What Causes Tooth Sensitivity—and How We Can Help
Do you flinch at hot or cold drinks? Tooth sensitivity is common, but it’s also highly treatable. From enamel erosion to exposed root surfaces, here are the most common causes—and how our clinicians diagnose and treat sensitivity at the source.
What Is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentine hypersensitivity, refers to a short, sharp pain that occurs when your teeth are exposed to certain stimuli—most commonly cold, heat, sweet foods, or even brushing. It can affect one tooth or several, and while it’s rarely a sign of a serious issue, it can impact your comfort and quality of life.
At The Dental Institute in Hastings, we see patients every week with concerns about sensitivity, and we take a personalised approach to both diagnosis and treatment.
Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
There are several reasons why your teeth may become sensitive. Some of the most common include:
1. Enamel Erosion
Your enamel is the hard outer layer that protects the more sensitive inner structures of the tooth. Acidic foods, frequent snacking, teeth grinding, or overbrushing can wear it down over time, exposing the underlying dentine.
2. Gum Recession
As gums recede—whether from ageing, brushing too hard, or gum disease—the tooth roots become exposed. Unlike enamel, root surfaces are not protected and can easily become sensitive.
3. Tooth Decay or Worn Fillings
Cavities or leaking fillings can open up the dentine layer, causing discomfort when eating or drinking.
4. Cracks or Chips
Small fractures in the tooth can expose sensitive areas and allow temperature or bacteria to reach the nerve.
5. After Whitening or Dental Work
Temporary sensitivity is common after procedures like teeth whitening, deep periodontal cleaning, or restorative dental treatment. It usually settles within a few days.
Diagnosing the Root Cause
To properly treat sensitivity, it’s important to understand what’s causing it. When you visit The Dental Institute, our dentists will:
Perform a comprehensive exam of your teeth and gums
Use diagnostic tools to check for enamel wear, recession, cracks or decay
Discuss your lifestyle, brushing technique, diet, and any recent changes
Sometimes what feels like “sensitivity” can actually be referred pain from a deeper issue—so accurate diagnosis is essential.
How We Treat Tooth Sensitivity
Once we understand the underlying cause, we’ll recommend a tailored treatment plan. This may include:
Desensitising toothpaste (e.g. containing potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride)
Topical fluoride varnish to strengthen enamel
Bonding or protective coatings to cover exposed root surfaces
Nightguards for patients who grind their teeth
Gum treatments if recession or inflammation is present
Restorations or fillings to seal vulnerable areas
Whitening adjustments, if you’re in the middle of cosmetic treatment
You can learn more about cosmetic dentistry options and how they interact with sensitivity, especially if you're considering veneers or whitening.
When to See a Dentist
If you’ve tried sensitive toothpaste and it hasn’t helped after a few weeks, or if the pain is worsening or interfering with eating, it’s time to book a dental exam.
Even mild sensitivity can indicate an underlying problem that’s better addressed early.
Care at Home
To prevent sensitivity from worsening:
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
Avoid overbrushing or brushing too hard
Limit acidic or sugary drinks and snacks
Rinse with water after meals or coffee
Avoid aggressive whitening without professional advice
Tooth sensitivity is common, but it shouldn’t be ignored. Whether caused by enamel erosion, gum recession, or recent dental treatment, there are simple and effective solutions available.
At The Dental Institute, we’re committed to helping you feel comfortable, confident, and pain-free—with personalised dental care that goes beyond quick fixes.
